Composting involves layering "greens" (nitrogen-rich food/garden waste) and "browns" (carbon-rich dry materials) in a 1:4 ratio, keeping the pile moist like a wrung-out sponge, and aerating it by turning every 1–2 weeks. This creates dark, nutrient-rich soil over 2–12 months by enabling micro-organisms to break down organic matter.
Step-by-Step Composting Guide
- Select a Site: Place your bin on level, well-drained soil or grass to allow worms and microorganisms to enter.
- Create the Base: Start with 6-12 inches of coarse, stalky brown materials (twigs, small branches, straw) at the bottom to ensure air circulation
- Layer Materials: Alternate layers of greens and browns.
- Greens (Nitrogen): Food scraps, coffee grounds, grass clippings.
- Browns (Carbon): Dry leaves, shredded paper, cardboard, wood chips.
- Tip: Aim for 2-3 times more brown material than green.
- Add Moisture: As you build the pile, water the layers so the mixture is damp, similar to a wrung-out sponge.
- Cover the Pile: Use a lid, tarp, or carpet to retain heat and moisture, and prevent the pile from becoming waterlogged by rain.
- Maintain and Turn: Turn the pile with a shovel or pitchfork every 1–2 weeks to provide oxygen, which speeds up the decomposition.
- Harvest: The compost is ready when it is dark, crumbly, and smells earthy, typically after several months.
Composting Troubleshooting
- Too Dry: Add water and turn.
- Too Wet/Odorous: Add more browns and turn.
- Not Heating Up: Add more greens and turn.
